REVIEW PART I
I've worked there for three years. -My uncle is Swedish but my aunt is French.
There are four people in my office. -I met Paco on the twelve of October.
I started my new job on the four of March.
IT TAKES
It takes three hours to go to Zaragoza from Madrid. -It takes him one hour and a half to get to work.
NEGATIVE QUESTIONS
Aren’t you fed up with studying? Why don’t you work on Saturdays? Why didn’t you do more to help him? Why can’t you buy that car?
VOCABULARY
I don’t know many manufactures. -Where are you signature? -I have increasingly less leisure time. -What is the normal procedure? -I want him to sign.
FRACTIONS
Twenty percent is the same as a fifth. 20% =1/5.
Fifty percent is the same as a half. 50%=1/2
Seven eighths is the same as eighty-seven point five percent. 7/8=87.5%
Two thirds is the same as sixty-six point seven percent. 2/3=66.7%
Four fifths is the same as eighty percent. 4/5=80%
Two ninths is the same as twenty-two point two percent. 8/9=22.2%
Five eights is the same as sixty-two point five percent. 5/8=62.5%
VOCABULARY
Who’s in charge of marketing in this company?
I’ve heard that smoking is harmful to your health.
HOWEVER AND NEVERTHELESS
My cat is very clever however, it can’t speak English.
My cat can’t speak English nevertheless, it can catch mice.
The meeting was very long nevertheless, we covered a lot of important points.
The thief didn’t steal my dresses however, he stole all my shoes.
The boss is pleased with your work however, he has to fire you.
WILL
I think I’ll go home. I’ll probably see you tomorrow.
AS FAR AS I KNOW
As far as I know he left. –As far as I know she is ill. -As far as I know my wife is asleep.
AS FAR AS I’M CONCERNED
As far as I’m concerned I can leave tomorrow.
As far as meeting is concerned we can postpone it for next week.
As far as you’re concerned we’ll talk in the morning.
As far as height is concerned I think he’s tall enough.
As far as I’m concerned you can take whatever you want.
SHALL
Shall I close the door? Shall we have a drink? What did you say?
PHRASAL VERB
I got on the train at the last minute (a última hota).
ABOUT TO
He’s about to get on the bus.
They’re about to arrive.
VOCABULARY
Send the invitations in advance. I was asleep at midnight.
FURURE WITH GOING TO
I’m going to visit my parents this summer. –It’s going to snow this week.
She is going to buy five bottles of wine.
They’re not going to come tomorrow. Are you going to write a letter?
Is your girlfriend going to be there? I’m not going to answer that.
WILL VS. GOING TO
I’m going to the cinema. I’ll come! - I’m going to tell him the news. No, I’ll tell him!
Sarah told me everything. -Don’t force me to tell him. -I’ll see you on Saturday.
VOCABULARY
Do you work full-time? -I need another blanket. -There’s too much garlic in this soup.
The birth rate here is very low. -Do you have to be so strict?
MUCH-MANY-A LOT OF
You need a lot of time to prepare that dish. -We saw a lot of rubbish on the beach.
There is a lot of water on the floor. -There aren’t many people here today.
I don’t have much money.
Did you see many camels in Tunisia?. -Do you have much furniture to move?
IRREGULAR VERBS
Did she give you the report? -I want to read the report right now.
The report showed a very negative trend. -Your guidelines are not very clear
The students went to London for the weekend.
ACCUSATIVE
I want you to make an effort. -They don’t want the demonstration to take place.
EVERY OTHER
I go to the cinema every other week.
She eats with her reportees every other day. (Informalmente; second-person)
CONJUNCTIONS
It’s snowing nevertheless, it’s not cold.
We’re very interested in your proposal however, we can’t contemplate it now.
I’m afraid nevertheless, I’ll go.
IRREGULAR VERBS
I’ve never driven a lorry. -I heard the whole speech.
PHRASAL VERB
Write down the restaurant address.
VOCABULARY
I’m in charge of sales. -There’s been a misunderstanding.
INDIRECT SPEECH
I know his secretary very well. Jose said he knew his secretary very well.
Jose drove to Sevilla yesterday. Maria said Jose has driven to Sevilla yesterday.
Maria hasn’t finished writing her book. Pablo said Maria hadn’t finished writing her book.
Pablo’s father won’t agree. Laura said that Pablo’s father wouldn’t agree.
I’m sharing a flat with my friend Paco. Juan said he was sharing a flat with his friend Paco.
I can pick up your parents from the airport.
Miguel said he could pick up your parents from de airport.
FROM-TO-FOR AND SINCE
How long has Madonna been famous? Madonna has been famous since 1982 or for 25 years.
How long was Texan an Independent country?
Texas was an Independent country from 1836 to 1845 or for 9 years.
How long has Texan been part of U.S.?
Texas has been part of U.S. since 1845 or for 162 years.
VOCABULARY
They always resort to violence. -Wasps can be very aggressive.
Most of the coal mines have closed. -Speaking is my weak point. -I made a bad investment.
KEEP DOING
Keep doing! Sigue!
I keep making mistakes. -Don’t keep doing that! -Keep studying!
IRREGULAR VERBS
He thought that you were going to forget. -I’ve forgotten how to hold a baby.
The English forgot the French.
She is a friend of the President’s. -I used to be a friend of hers.
They are not friends of ours. Is she a friend of yours?
IRREGULAR VERBS
The team went to Africa last year. Did you give me the tickets?
PHRASAL VERB
We have to get off at the next stop.
MUCH-MANY-A LOT OF
I read a lot of books when I was young. –We don’t have much money.
VOCABULARY
My doctor is well-known in his field. -He forced me to go to the meeting.
COMPARATIVE
I’m two years younger than my brother. -My son is taller than yours.
Their Garden is nicer than ours. -My dress is longer than hers.
THREAT
His title is more important than yours. -Jim is more confused than I am.
Live is becoming more and more expensive.
TO KNOW HOW TO
Do you know how to drive? -My husband knows how to cook. -I know how to read a map.
Mark doesn’t know how to swim. -I like to know how to do that.
Does he know how to cook paella? He knows how to deal with people. (To treat, to get on).
VOCABULARY
Your new brochure looks great. (Tiene buena pinta).
I suffer from nerves every time I have to spoke in public.
There is threat to national security. -It’s going to be cloudy tomorrow.
Does this cereal contain wheat?
WAS AND WERE BORN
When was your first child born? -I was born on Christmas day. -Were you born in a hospital?
His mother was born in India. -Where were you born?
We were born in Ireland. -What year was your father born?
IRREGULAR VERBS
Did you speak with your boss? -Pablo made a cake at school today.
I sent the letter last week.
THE EXPRESSION
Every now and again I like to go to the opera.
I visit my parents in England every now and again or from time to time.
Do you think about your old school friends, every now and again? (time after time)
INDIRECT SPEECH
I’ll tell you later! He said she would tell you later.
I’m feeling a little tired! She said she was feeling a little tired. ...se encontraba
I’ve been to Germany three times! She said he’d been to Germany 3 times.
A FRIEND OF
Steven is a friend of mine. –Jane is a friend of hers. -She’s not a friend of ours.
TO KEEP DOING SOMETHING (No dejar de hacer algo)
She kept asking me questions. No dejaba de hacerme preguntas
Keep trying! Sigue intentándolo.
I keep forgetting what I want to say. No paro de olvidar lo que….
IRREGULAR VERBS
I forgot to buy the milk. -He fought his rights for years.
PHRASAL VERB
We must sort out this problem before the situation gets worse.
FROM-TO-FOR and SINCE
How long has Gibraltar been British?
Gibraltar has been British since 1713, or Gibraltar has been British for 294 years.
VOCABULARY
His weak point is his arrogance. -I’m growing a beard. Me estoy dejando…..
THERE PLUS TO BE
There has to be a logical explanation.
There could be a lot more than you think. Mucho mas.
There were five the last time I looked. -There aren’t that many things to do. ...tantas cosas...
There haven’t been many storms this spring.
Shouldn’t there be a lifeguard on duty? ...socorrista de servicio?
SHORT ANSWERS
Will they be there? Yes, they will. -Has she finished yet? Yes, she has.
Do you like the picture? No, I don’t.
Will he remember to let out the cat? No, he won’t.
Should you be here? Vendrías?
No, I shouldn’t. No, no iría
VOCABULARY
Did they give you a trial period?
He must be quite wealthy judging by his car. ...forrado a juzgar por su coche
The kids had a good time at the summer camp.
Don’t go in! It’s a trap!
There’s a tramp asleep on the bench.
Manu has lost his job, so he’s very upset. ...así que está muy disgustado.
Do you have an adapter this plug doesn’t fit? ...no cabe.
Don’t be so naïve!
TO FEEL LIKE DOING
I feel like going to the cinema, how about you? ¿Y a ti?
They don’t feel like working today. –Do you like having a coffee?
Does she feel like going out later?
IRREGULAR VERBS
They drank a lot of beer after the match. -Have you chosen what you want yet?
I’ve never met the pope.
THE EXPRESSION
On the one hand we had a good time, on the other hand I felt ill afterwards. ...después de todo.
On the one hand we’ll get there much sooner, but on the other hand it will cost a fortune.
Por un lado estaremos allí mucho antes, por otro lado costará una fortuna.
COMPARATIVES
Spain is bigger than England. -Today is hotter than yesterday.
Is Barcelona more beautiful than Madrid?
EVERY NOW AND AGAIN or FROM TIME TO TIME
Every now and again I like to go to the swimming pool.
Every now and again I try to speak French. -Every now and again they call me.
KNOW HOW TO
Do you know how to make a Spanish omelet? .The English don’t know how to dance.
You have to know how to communicate!
IRREGULAR VERS
He made a great speech last night. -What did they send us?
PHRASAL VERB
Can you pick me up at four o’clock? -They’ll pick you up from the airport.
WAS AND WERE BORN
We weren’t born in Spain. Where were they born?
VOCABULARY
Tomorrow is going to be cloudy. -Does the book have an index?
INDIRECT QUESTIONS
Do you know if they’re going to give us the contract?
Do you know where my coat is? -Do you know what the answer is?
Do you know who the winners are? -Do you know why he doesn’t want to tell us?
Do you know how much wine they bought?
Do you know how many students there are in the class?
TO TEACH SOMEONE HOW TO
Sarah taught Nick how to dance.
Who taught you how to cook?
I’m teaching my son how to ride a bike.
Mary teaches people how to manage their time. como aprovechar su tiempo.
Would you teach me how to drive?
Robert is teaching his grandmother how to use the internet.
What’s our budget?
The embassy is going to send a representative.
Do you have anything for a headache? -I have some aspirin in my suitcase.
Are you calling me a liar? Don’t feed the animals! I’ll buy some ink for the printer.
WAS and WERE: SHORT ANSWERS
Was yesterday Thursday? Were the Beach Boys American? Were you alive in 1899?
Was Alexander the Great fat? -Was Spain a world power in the 16th century?
Was Ava Gardner a famous actress? -Were Tom and Jerry cartoon characters?
IRREGULAR VERBS
Steve forgot to tell you the other day. Think in something now! ...rápido!
I had meeting all day yesterday. I had trouble finding your office.
Tome has trouble using a computer.
(Ordenadores es singular).
Will we have any trouble finding a cheap flight?
THERE PLUS TO BE
There have to be more people interested in the project. Tiene que haber...
Yesterday there was a problem with the server.
Pepe is still upset about the decision. ..sigue disgustado con...
My hair drier has an English plug. -Paula is very naïve.
TO FEEL LIKE DOING
Do you feel like having a beer? -Henry drank too much last night.
Juan chose the team he wanted. -I never met my grandfather from Burgos.
THE EXPRESSION
On the one hand I’m very happy on the other hand I’m tired.
Let me out right now. Your son let the bird out of the cage.
THE FIRST CONDITIONAL
If it rains, we’ll get wet!
We’ll lose if we don’t do something fast. -If you don’t do it who will?
Who’ll be my teacher if you aren’t?
They’ll come if you call them.
She’ll do it if you help her.
I’ll talk to him if he’s there.
How will you learn if I don’t teach you?
EVEN THOUGH (Aun sabiendo que) and EVEN IF (Aunque + subjunctivo)
Even if she phones to night I won’t forgive her. ...perdonaré
Even though I like him I’m not going to invite him to the party.
Even if they refuse to finance us, we’ll go ahead with the project.
In the long run: A la larga
They have to tell me the truth even if they don’t want to.
I filled the complaint even though they’re not going to do anything about it.
Complaint forms are available upon request. ...bajo petición
Would he do it even if I didn’t ask him?
Sorry I’m late. They stopped me at customs.
How many commitments do you have this month? ¿Cuántos compromisos…
Sharon lives in a skyscraper on the 31st floor.
In the long run it could damage your health.
The staff is demanding better pay conditions.
I’m not going to tell you. Guess! ¡Adivina!
DUE TO/DUE TO THE FACT THAT: Debido
He’s off work because he’s ill. Está sin trabajar porque está enfermo.
He’s off work because of his illness. (X) ...su enfermedad.
They couldn’t go sailing due to the lack of wind. (X)
They couldn’t go sailing due to the fact that there was no wind. (XQ)
He refused to accept my offer due to the fact that he’s very proud man. (XQ)
He refused to accept my offer due to his pride. (X)
IRREGULAR VERBS
Haven’t you ever ridden a bike before? Nunca antes has montado en bici?
I completely misunderstood his argument. No entendí completamente su argmento.
He drew the building in five minutes.
I never agree with my sister
They agreed with the new contract.
INDIRECT QUESTIONS
Do you know where she lives? Do you know if he is coming?
Do you know why they did it?
TO HAVE TROUBLE DOING SOMETHING
I have trouble getting up on Mondays.
I have trouble studying English every day.
TO TEACH SOMEONE HOW TO
She taught me how to dance flamenco.
I’m teaching my son how to ride a bike.
My colleague taught me how to use the program.
IRREGULAR VERBS
I thought it was interesting. -I forgot my passport.
PHRASAL VERB
I put on my jersey because it was cold.
WAS and WERE: SHORT ANSWERS
Were you at the party? Yes, I was.
Were they late? Yes, they were. ¿Llegaron tarde?
VOCABULARY
We have a very big budget this year. -He’s a liar
LET’S LOOK AT THE FIRST CONDITIONAL THEN.
The football player won’t play if they don’t pay him what he’s asking for.
If there’s no ice, will you have a beer?
I AGREE
They don’t agree with the decision.
How can I agree with that?
EVEN THOUGH (Aun sabiendo que) and EVEN IF (Aunque + subjunctivo)
Even though she annoys me, I still like to go shopping with her. Aunque sabe que me molesta
Even if the bank won’t give us the loan, I still sign the contract.
IRREGULAR VERBS
I haven’t drawn seriously since I was at colleague….en serio…
You haven’t misunderstood. That’s exactly what he said.
PHRASAL VERB
It will be easy to make it up with him.
DUE TO/DUE TO THE FACT THAT: Debido
I arrived late due to the fact that there was a delay. (XQ)
I arrived late due to the delay. (X)
VOCABULARY
You have the right to demand an answer. Tienes derecho...
Guess what I’ve bought you for your birthday. Adivina...
I sold my car for five thousand six hundred quid.
THE SECOND CONDITIONAL
It wouldn’t take so long if she took the car. No tardaría tanto tiempo si cogiera el coche.
Would you cut the grass if it were too long? ¿Cortarías el cesped si estuviera demasado alto?
Would you shout if you were afraid? ¿Gritarías si tuvieras miedo?
TO TICKLE; hacer cosquillas
If I read more, I would have a wider vocabulary.
If I earned more money I would buy a more powerful car.
If I didn’t have so money debts I would spend more money.
DESPITE AND IN SPITE OF
In spite of the distance that separates them, they see each other often.
Despite the fact that my team was the favourite, my brother’s team won the match.
In spite of the fact that the mortgage rate has gone up a lot, I have more money now than three years ago. A pesar de que el tipo hipotecario subió mucho...
VOCABULARY
Don’t tickle him, he doesn’t like it.
The likelihood of winning the lottery is virtually zero.
I can’t believe that you’ve thrown away my favourite T-shirt.
There’s a huge stork’s nest on the roof.
INSTEAD OF and RATHER THAN(En vez de)
Shouldn’t we phoning them first instead of going straight there?
Can’t we stay in rather than going out?
Will you think about it rather than making a rash decision? ¿...una decisión precipitada?
IRREGULAR VERBS
They swept all the streets before the sun-rise. amanecer
My finger bled after I cut it chopping onions. Que cortase las cebollas
I’ve withdrawn 200€. that will be enough! ...con eso bastará
THE EXPRESSION
I’ll never make a killing as a teacher. ...me forraré
LIKELIHOOD: Probabilidad
What’s the best way to make a killing?
THESE AND THOSE
These are apples. –Those are magazines. Are these books?
These aren’t chairs, they’re cars. Those aren’t watches, they’re chairs.
These aren’t people they’re apples.
THESE AND THEY
Are these children? Are they chairs? Are they watches? What are they?
Are these books? Are those apples?
VOCABULARY
The people in Russia are Russian. -Are the people in France Austrians?
Are the people in Austria Australians? –Are the people in Australia Polish?
WE
We’re single. –We’re men. –We’re women. –We’re not in France.
We’re not in a small country. –We’re not rich.
THIS-THAT-THESE and THOSE
Those are cars. –These are apples. –Those aren’t people they’re pens.
These aren’t children they’re apples. This isn’t a calculator it’s an orange.
WAS GOING TO: Iba a...
I thought you were going to forget!
I told you I was going to get married.
TO LEARN HOW TO
I learnt how to ride a bike when I was five year.
George is learning how to fly a plane.
TO FIND SOMETHING EASY OR TO FIND SOMETHING DIFFICULT.
Many youngsters find it difficult to buy a house
I didn’t find it easy to get used to the food. ...acostumbrarme...
IRREGULAR VERBS
I understood the main idea. -Jackie wrote me a very long letter.
PHRASAL VERB
I won’t take my clothes off unless it’s for artistic reasons.
TO LAST
The Bourbon dynasty lasted over three centuries in France.
VOCABULARY
The train will leave from platform one.
We can easily achieve our goals. ...objetivos.
AS...AS
I don’t eat as noisily as my dog. No como tan ruidosamente cómo mi perro
I don’t have as much patience as your mother. Tanta paciencia cómo…
I can give you as many classes as you need. ..tantas clases cómo necesites
AVERAGE: Promedio
In England there aren’t as many vultures as in Spain.
I give my son as much love and attention as he needs.
THE INDEFINITE ARTICLE
Catholic priests can’t get married.
Spaniards are friendly. Los españoles son simpáticos.
POLITE: Educado
Most castles in Spain are in ruins.
Most of the houses in my street are yellow.
VOCABULARY
Many small bookshops have closed.
His level is above the national average.
Is she awake?
The sign is made of wood. El letrero es de madera.
They’re worried about my health.
Please try to be polite to him.
SAXON GENETIVE
Steven’s office is on the 6th floor.
My daughter’s boyfriend is working in Brazil.
Where did you find Jenny’s coat?
I want to read Dan’s book.
IRREGULAR VERBS
Everyday I eat. –Yesterday I ate. –Everyday they hold. –Yesterday they held.
I can’t hear it. –I can’t hear any noise. -I can’t hear anything.
DISPITE AND SPITE OF
In spite of the fact that my team was a favourite, my brother’s team won the match.
Despite the weather we went to the match.
TO MAKE A KILLING
What’s the best way to make a killing?
IRREGULAR VERBS
They swept all the streets before sun-rise.
I’ve withdrawn two hundred euros. That’ll be enough. ...eso bastará
PHRASAL VERB
We’ll get around to tidying the garage soon. Nos pondremos pronto a ordenar el garaje.
VOCABULARY
Spaniards are nice.
I like books. -I held a conversation in English. Sostuve una...
Can you put me through to Juan please?
My son’s girlfriend is working in France. -She’s a very polite person. -Are you awake?
THE SECOND CONDITIONAL
If you had told me, I would’ve known.
If it had snowed would you have play in the snow?
TO GO BLANCK
During the exam I went blank. -I hope I don’t go blank during the interview.
WHOSE
The parents whose children took part in the show sat in the front row.
The car whose front wheel came off was a complete write-off…siniestro total.
I froze the peas but I haven’t frozen the courgettes yet.
I bit my tongue but I didn't bite my lip.
PHRASAL VERB
I can’t seem to shake off this cold. No parece que pueda
NOT AS MUCH AS and LESS THAN
Why do you listen to less classical music than pop music?
Why don’t you listen to as much classical music as pop music?
VOCABULARY
I love eating shellfish washed down (accompany) with some white wine.
It’s a miracle you’ve passed all your exams!
EVEN AND NOT EVEN: Incluso/Ni siquiera
John has a large collection of classic cars, He even has a Ferrari.
Helen has meet lots of famous people. She’s even met the Queen.
Don't forget we don't say “a famous” the class of famous people “a celebrity”
A CON: Un timo
I don’t even know your name. -I can’t even cook an omelette.
LET’S
Let’s go. -let’s eat. Let’s have one for the road (tomemos algo por el camino)
I have a sore throat; me duele la garganta.
Let’s not pay. -Let’s no do it.
VOCABULARY
He’s very sensitive to the cold. This is a con. -You’re a coward.
My father encouraged me a lot. -My dog is faithful
Blackmailing isn’t the best way to achieve your objectives. (to manage)
ALMOND: Almendra
NOT AS MANY AS and FEWER
There are fewer people in Madrid than in London.
There aren’t as many people in Madrid as in London.
TO BLACKMAIL: Chantajear
He’s had fewer awards than his brother has.
He hasn’t had as many awards as his brother has.
IRREGULAR VERBS
Do you know when the Titanic sank?
I’ve never hidden from the Police.
Kevin knelt to tie up his shoelaces. Kevin se arrodilló para atar sus zapatos.
The journalist asked me a difficult question.
TO GET RID OF SOMETHING: Deshacerte de algo
THERE WAS and THERE WERE
There wasn’t one person who disagreed. Ni una persona en desacuerdo.
Were there any questions at the end of his speech?
VOCABULARY
I can’t see! -Can you see? -I can’t see a solution.
Most cats hate water. -Most of the cats in my neighbourhood are black.
The other day we built a wooden shed to keep the garden tools in.
I’m going to turn on the computer now.
Do you know anybody who plays the guitar? -What’s your point of view?
Benidorm is full of foreigners.
Russians drink more vodka than the Spanish.
He has more money than sense. ...sentido común.
Why do you do less work than your co-workers? ...tus compañeros
I want less talk and more work.
There is less rain in Andalucía than Galicia. Llueve menos..
I have fewer friends now than I was at school.
HOW FAR IS IT?
How far is it from Barcelona to Zaragoza? -How far is it from Paris to London?
How far is it from Vienna to Berlin? -How far is it from here to your house?
Do you pay a lot of taxes?
NARROW: Estrecho
What degree did you do?
Can you speak aloud? -Life is unfair -The street was very narrow. -He had a very long career.
You have to strike a balance. Tienes que lograr un saldo
Do you know anybody who lives in an igloo?
No, I don’t know anybody who lives in an igloo.
Does everybody or no one in Spain have to do military service?
No one in Spain has to do military service.
Can everybody o nobody in your house speak Spanish?
Everybody in my house speaks Spanish.
Advantage: Ventaja
When Paul was at school he swam for England. -When I was at school I flew in a Concorde.
When we were at school, we hurt ourselves playing tennis.
I can’t remember what I did yesterday.
ASK A QUESTION
Can I ask you some questions? –I’m glad you ask me that question.
She asked me an embarrassing question.
When I got married I got rid of all my old clothes.
USED TO
I used to play to basketball when I was at the school
I didn’t use to know anything about computers.
Did you use to live in Asturias?
John used to be married to Kathy.
I didn’t use to have any money.
Did they use to have a blue car?
IRREGULAR VERBS
I told him not to shout. Le dije que no gritara.
She decided not to take part in the meeting.
It’s hard not to think about her.
FLOOD: Inundación.
They asked us not to talk in the church.
We need an outgoing person for the sales department.
The Stock Market crashed in 1929.
It’s refreshing to shower in the morning.
CHALLENGE: Reto
The flood mainly affected the center of the city.
I didn’t remember to water the garden.
TO REMEMBER + VERB(ING)
I remember perfectly going to the cinema for the first time or I remember having gone to the cinema...( Past Perfect Continuos). Recuerdo perfectamente cuando fui por 1ª vez al cine.
I don’t remember meeting Pat. No recuerdo cuando conocí a Pat.
Did you remember to buy some coffee?
IRREGULAR VERBS
Tim wins every year but he didn’t win last year because she won then.
I hung my towel on the hook.
My jeans shrank in the wash.
BUT NOT THAT (Pero no es para tanto)
He’s clever but not that clever.
It’s interesting but it’s not that interesting.
It was funny but it wasn’t that funny.
THIS-THAT-THESE and THOSE
These are Ernesto’s book. –This isn’t Dan’s dog. –That’s not John’s elephant
Are those Goya’s pictures? These are hers pens. –Those are hers envelopes
This isn’t his briefcase. –These aren’t hers glasses. –Is Tomelloso famous for its shoes?
–Is it famous for its cars? What is it famous for? It’s famous for its wine.
KNIVES: Cuchillos.
Is Alcalá de Henares famous for its bulls? Is it famous for its wine? What is it famous for?
It’s famous for its university. Is Milan famous for its jokes? Is it famous for its cathedral?
Yes, it is. -This is our folder. -Those aren’t your oranges. -That's not our lamp.
Are these your shoes? Are their shoes green?
NUMBERS
112-580-642-335-219
You made less progress than the rest of the class. Has progresado menos...
There are more sheep than people in New Zealand
I CAN’T REMEMBER
I can’t remember what Juan did.
HOW FAR IS IT
How far is it from Astorga to Langreo?
How far is it from Salamanca to Murcia?
IRREGULAR VERBS
When Paul was at school he swam for England. -When I was at school I flew on Concorde.
She forgot to turn off the lights. -He never turns off the radio.
Do you know anybody who lives on the moon?
No, I don’t know anybody who lives on the moon.
Does everybody or nobody in your office work 24 hours a day?
Nobody in my office works 24 hours a day.
VOCABULARY
The way was very narrow. -He had a very short career.
THE SUPERLATIVE
He bought the most expensive computer in the shop. ...de la tienda
She went on the fastest plane in the world. ...del mundo
The funniest thing is that they didn’t know each other. Lo más gracioso de todo es que no se conocían.
I’M THE BEST
Juan is the worst player I’ve ever known.
THERE WILL BE
There will be many more chances. -There will be more than you think.
I think there will be more food later.
CLOTHES: Ropa
VOCABULARY
Do you like his suit? They went to the shopping centre.
Are you going to spend your money on advertising?
Where are the stairs to go out?
My neighbour was blind and I didn’t know it.
He didn’t go to the meeting because he had a business trip.
MUCH-MANY-A LOT OF
You always put too much salt in the pasta. -It’s too much for me!
You’ve invited too many people to the party.
There were too many drunks at the celebrations.
IRREGULAR VERBS
Yesterday we found. -En 1999 she lost her mind (reason).
Yesterday I dealt with people. -Every day she loses.
In 1999 they lost in the final. -I can’t find my car.
They can’t find where she works.
PUBLICITY: Mala o buena prensa.
USE TO
John used to be married to Kathy. -I didn’t use to have any money.
NEGATIVE INFINITIVE
She decided not to take part in the meeting. -It’s hard not to think about her.
PHRASAL VERB
I’ve run out of ideas.
IRREGULAR VERBS
The battle of Covadonga took place in 722 aD.
TO GET USED TO & TO BE USED TO: Acostumbrarse y estar acostumbrado
I’m getting used to my new job.
I’m not getting used to my new job yet.
I’m not used to working for a big company.
HECTIC: Ajetreado
I got used to living in Spain very quickly.
I’m getting used to working in a multinational.
Firemen are used to dangerous situations.
UNLESS
The cost of petrol will go up unless the Americans, make some their national reserve available.
Hagan accesible parte de su reserva. Pongan a disposición
I’ll be there at 4 pm unless the plane’s delayed. ...salvo retraso del vuelo.
Unless you change your attitude, you’ll get fired. ...te despedirán.
VOCABULARY
You can listen to “The Hectic Half Hour” on Vaughan Radio.
George arrived safe and sound.
The profits are encouraging. Los beneficios son alentadores.
That’s terrific!
TO GET
He got married two years ago. My English is getting better.
TO TREAD ON: Pisar
IRREGULAR VERBS
He’s sung that song over 300 times. Ha camtado...en mas de 300 ocasiones
I think that we’ve just hit a rabbit. Creo que acabamos de atropellar un conejo
SPILL: Derramar
What do you dream about last night?
THE EXPRESSION
Driving on the other side of the road takes some getting used to.
THIS-THAT-THESE and THOSE
Is this Michel’s glass? -Miguel’s ring is on the chair.
NUMBERS: ONE TO ONE THOUSAND
422 – 965 – 506 – 238 – 315 - 650 – 811 – 227 – 983 – 451
THERE IS and THERE’S
There’s a window behind Paco. -There isn’t too folders in his office. -Is there an airport in Soria? -Is there a lamp in her room? There isn’t an orange on the table. –There’s a sofa in the room.
DAYS OF THE WEEK
Thursday, Friday and Saturday - Friday, Saturday and Sunday – Saterday, Sunday and Monday
NEWSTAND: Quiosco
Sunday, Monday, Thursday - Monday, Thursday, Wednesday.
Thursday is before Wednesday. –Saturday is between Friday and Sunday. –Thursday is after Monday.
FACTORY: Fábrica.
VOCABULARY
There’s an orange on the printer. –There’s some toner next to printer.
BENCH: Banco para sentarse.
Is there any wine in the bottle? Yes, there’s some wine in the bottle
NEAR AND FAR FROM
Is Getafe near or far from Madrid? It’s near Madrid.
VOCABULARY
There’s an airport near the city. There isn’t a cinema near here. There isn’t a supermarket near my house. -Is there a Metro Station near the shopping center?
THERE WILL BE
Will there be enough? -There won’t be a meeting the next week.
IRREGULAR VERBS
In 1999 she lost her reason. -Yesterday I dealt with people.
PHRASAL VERB
If you can’t find his number, look it up in the telephone directory.
TOO MUCH
It’s too much for me!
You’ve invited too many people to the dinner.
VOCABULARY
My neighbour was blind and I didn’t know it.
He didn’t go to the meeting because he had a business trip.
TOO AND ENOUGHT
It’s too slow. –I can’t put the car in my pocket because my pocket is too small. -There’s too much pollution in this city.
LOOSE: Suelto
There’s too many cars in the city. –I’m not clever enough to make a paella.
Whose glass is it? -Whose sunglasses are they? -Whose telephone number is this?
MANKIND: La humanidad
I don’t know whose glass it is. -I don’t know whose sunglasses they are.
I got the refund. -I learnt how to whistle when I was small.
Mankind has achieved great things. La humanidad ha logrado
The Police located the criminal in no time. En poco tiempo.
I prefer going uphill than downhill. Prefiero ir cuesta arriba que cuesta abajo.
What’s the weather like? ¿Cómo está el tiempo?
It’s cool. It’s cold and windy. It’s foggy. The sky’s overcast. It’s hailing. The sky’s clearing up.
IRREGULAR VERBS
In the 70s a house in Saint Tropez cost a fortune.
In the 70s I won a prize for drawing. En los años 70 gané un premio de dibujo.
In the 70s my brother’s team beat my team on many occasions.
THE EXPRESSION
I’m going to do some gardening this weekend.
TO GET USED TO & TO BE USED TO: Acostumbrarse y estar acostumbrado
I got used to the Spanish language very quickly.
I’m not used to giving presentations in English. No estoy acostumbrado a dar…
UNLESS
I’ll be there at 4 pm. unless the plane’s delayed. ...salvo que el vuelo se retrase.
TO GET
My English is getting better
I always get bored when we have to go to the supermarket. Me aburro...
I’m getting bored! Me aburro!
IRREGULAR VERBS
What did you dream about last night? -The robber hit me on the head.
PHRASAL VERB
I fell out with my girlfriend last week. Me peleé
TO TAKE SOME GETTIN USED TO.
Diet soft drinks take some getting used to. Cuesta acostumbrarse a los refrescos “light”
VOCABULARY
What’s the most valuable painting in the Prado Museum?
My uncle is very interested in politics.
TO PREFER and I RATHER
I’d rather his boss told him the news.
Do you want vermouth or would you rather have a Gin Tonic?
I’d rather not go to the circus.
THREAD: Hilo
I’d rather go to the cinema. I’d rather not
DRUM: Tambor
He’s not trustworthy. -Her company is very profitable. -There’s an obstacle in the way.
I bought my son a drum and now I can’t sleep. I received an unexpected phone call from my cousin. I don’t know any tongue twisters in English. No sé trabalenguas en inglés.
TRUSTWORTHY: Digno de confianza
OTHER/ANOTHER
Some people live in big cities and other people don’t.
I don’t want to work with this secretary. I want to work with another secretary.
Some people have a car and other people don’t.
IRREGULAR VERBS
Who blew out the candle? -I’ve never dug a hole in my life.
I’ve just rung you when you rang me. Acababa de llamarte…
THE EXPRESSION
Go home!
UNEXPECTED: Inesperado
THERE IS and THERE’S
Is there an airport in Benavente? -There isn’t an apple on the table.
There’s a chair in the room.
Is there any water in the bottle? Yes, there is some water in the bottle.
DAYS OF THE WEEK
What day is before Wednesday? What day is between Friday and Sunday? What day is after Monday?
NEAR AND FAR FROM
Is Almería near Madrid or far from Madrid? -Is there an airport near the shopping centre?
There’s a Metro station near my house.
THERE ARE SOME and THERE ARE ANY
There are some toys on the floor. There aren’t any magazines on the table.
There aren’t any children in the park. –Are there any children in the car?
Are there any glasses on the table?
SOME
Some countries are big and some are small. Some streets are long and some are short. –Where are the cigars? Some are in the box and some are on the floor.
A TOY TRUCK: Camioncito.
Some bicycles are blue and some are yellow. – Some trains are long and some are short.
ORDINAL NUMBERS
Thursday the eleventh. Jueves el undécimo
Friday the twelfth. Viernes el duodécimo.
Saturday the thirteenth. El sábado el decimotercio
SHELVES: Estanterías
Sunday the Fourteenth. Domingo el decimocuarto
Monday the fifteenth. Lunes el decimoquinto
Tuesday the sixtieth. Martes sexagésimo
HOW MANY
How many parks are there in Aranjuez? How many banks are there on this street? How many clothes are there in your room?
CURTAINS: Cortinas
HOW MUCH
There’s one hundred and nine dollars in account number fifty-five.
How much money is there in account number thirty?
There isn’t any money in account number thirty.
TOO and ENOUGH
There are too many buses in the city.
I’m not clever enough to make an omelet.
WHOSE
Whose telephone is it?
IRREGULAR VERBS
In the seventies a house in Saint Tropez cost a fortune.
In the seventies I won a prize for drawing.
THE EXPRESSION
Can you help us to do some decorating on Saturday?
THE PRESENT PERFECT (Pres Perf)
I’ve seen three films today
You’ve taken on a lot of risks this year.
The phone hasn’t stopped ringing this morning
Patricia has written five reports this week.
THICK: Grueso
THICKNESS: Espesor
I haven’t changed the oil in my car this year.
So far this morning I’ve had two cups of coffee.
TO HAVE NEVER DONE SOMETHING: No haber hecho nunca nada
Have you ever flown to the moon? No, I’ve never flown to the moon.
Have you ever swum in a tank of lemonade? No, I’ve never swum in a tank
Have you ever hit yourself with a stick? No, I’ve never hit myself with a stick.
Have you ever dreamt in Turkish? No, I’ve never dreamt in Turkish.
Have you ever died? No, I’ve never died.
Have you ever written a poem in Aramaic? No, I’ve never written a poem in Aramaic.
VOCABULARY
I’m going to advise you about your future.
Actually, I never shout. En realidad, nunca grito
The axe was very sharp. -The cinema was packed. El cine estaba lleno
I doubt they’ll go out in this rain.
I didn’t eat the soup because it was very thick.
THE PRESENT PERFECT (Pres perf) INTERROGATIVE
Have you ever seen a UFO?
Have you ever talked to Julio?
Have they ever flown in a balloon?
IRREGULAR VERBS
In the nineties we spent more time with our friends.
Yesterday she caught the train.
Every day I spend time with him.
THE EXPRESSION
He’s never heard of you.
ACTUALLY: En realidad
Have you ever heard of Dexter?
TO PREFER OR WOULD RATHER
I’d rather not go to the cinema.
Do you want a whisky or would you rather have a Gin and Tonic.
I’d rather not.
OTHER
Some people live in big houses and other people don’t.
Some people have a dog and other people don’t.
IRREGULAR VERBS
Who blew out the candle? Who shot Kennedy? Rod dug a hole yesterday.
PHRASAL VERB: TO GO HOME
What time do you usually go home?
VOCABULARY
I don’t know any tongue twisters in Spanish.
I received an unexpected phone call from my uncle.
NUMBERS
The plot of land is 300m² hundred metres squared.
IT DEPENDS ON - IT DEPENDS WHETHER...OR NOT: Depende de.../ de si...o no
It depends on my brother’s answer.
It depends whether she gets out of the wrong side of the bed or not.
It depends whether or not she gets out of the wrong side of the bed.
It depends whether or not I still have a headache.
It depends whether I still have a headache or not.
It depends what happens in the next meeting.
e.g/i.e.
The Scottish rugby team isn’t playing well at this moment, i.e. they haven’t got a hope of winning the World Cup. ...no tienen la esperanza…
The rugby World Cup has been held in several different southern hemisphere countries, e.g., New Zealand, Australia and South Africa. Se ha celebrado
VOCABULARY
John has a great outgoing personality.
I hate sitting next to the aisle, because you have to get up every time someone else wants to go to the toilet. Estar sentado en el pasillo… cada vez que otro
You’ll have to give me the recipe.
My passport is about to expire.
HELPLESS: Desamparado
TO BE WORTH: Merecer la pena
Is it worth going to the gym everyday?
It’s worth finishing the English course.
It was worth the wait.
IRREGULAR VERBS
I think I’ve just broken a tooth.
I think we’ve finally overcome all the difficulties. Hemos superado finalmente…
Has your plane tree shed its leaves yet? Ha tirado la hoja tu platanero ya?
Common name: London plane. Scientific name: Platanus x hispanica
It’s worth making an effort with your English.
THERE ARE SOME/THERE ARE ANY
There are some books on the floor.
Are there any pens in the car?
ORDINAL NUMBERS
Sunday the seventh. -Monday the eighth. -Tuesday the ninth.
HOW MANY
How many banks are there on this street?
How many clocks are there in your room?
How many provinces are there in Italy?
HOW MUCH
How much money is there in account number thirty-three?
There’s three hundred and forty-six dollars in account number thirty-three.
How much money is there in a account number four hundred and twelve?
THE FAMILY
Margarita is Marco’s aunt. -Alberto is Sandro’s sun. -Natalia is Roberto’s grandmother.
Paula is Giovanni’s granddaughter....es nieta de... -Sandro is Mario’s brother-in-law.
SON-IN-LAW: Yerno.
MONTHS
What month is before August? July is before August.
What month is after April? May is after April.
COUSIN: Sobrino/a
What month is between August and October? September is between August and October.
What month is after May? -June is after May.
What month is between December and February?
January is between December and February.
NIECE: Sobrina
What month is before July? June is before July.
What month is before December? November is before December.
THE DATES
Is El Pilar en September? When is it? It’s in October.
Is Three King’s day in December? When is it? It’s in January.
Is Las Fallas in February? When is it? It’s in March
THE TIME
It’s ten to one or it’s twelve fifty
It’s twenty to eight or it’s seven forty.
It’s five to six or it’s five fifty-five.
It’s three past five or it’s five 0 three.
THE YEARS
1997 Nineteen ninety-seven.
1996 Nineteen ninety-six.
1786 Seventeen eighty-six.
1898 Eighteen ninety-eight.
1400 Fourteen hundred