REVIEW PART II
THE PRESENT PERFECT (PRES. PERF.)
Tom has read five reports this month.
TO HAVE NEVER DONE SOMETHING: No haber hecho nunca nada
Have you ever slept in a tank of milk? No, I’ve never slept in a tank of milk.
Have you ever run seventy kilometers? No, I’ve never run 70 km.
VOCABULARY
The stadium was crowded.
There’s no doubt about it. No cabe la menor duda.
THE PRESENT PERFECT (Pres perf) INTERROGATIVE
Have you ever seen an unicorn? ...unicornio? -Have they ever flown in a plane?
PHRASAL VERB
What are you looking for?
IRREGULAR VERBS
In the nineties I taught the president of a multinational.
THE EXPRESSION
Nobody’s heard of you. Nadie ha oído hablar de ti.
Have you heard of Calderón de la Barca?
PRESENT PERFECT
I’ve known her for two months
She’s been my wife for five years
I’ve driven for more than thirteen years.
She hasn’t smoked for three months.
I’ve played the piano since 1980.
She has had a shop since Aplil.
HAVE JUST
David has just jawned. Acaba de bostezar
The boss has just rung.
I’ve just studied English for an hour.
SAVINGS: Ahorros
I’ve just realized I’ve lost my wallet. Acabo de darme cuenta
VOCABULARY
Have you packed yet?
My ancestors were from the coast of Normandy. ...procedían...
SHORTCUT: Atajo
Do you know any shortcut to get there sooner?
SHORT ANSWERS IN PRESENT PERFECT
Has she ever studied Ancient Greek? No, she hasn’t.
Has Susan ever published an article? Yes, she has
Has it started yet? No, it hasn’t.
IRREGULAR VERBS
The week before last you took a lot of books. -The week before last we saw a fox. -The week before last I saw your parents.
THE EXPRESSION: Dar un paseo
I went for a ride on horse. -Would your like to come for a walk with us?
IT DEPENDS
It depens on my grandfather’s answer.
It depens whether or not I have anough money.
e.g. and i.e.
I like hot countries, e.g., Greece, Spain or Portugal.
VOCABULARY
When I sit on the aisle of the plane, I don’t let people pass.
Stop splitting hairs! Deja de hilar muy fino!
IRREGULAR VERBS
I think we’ve finally overcome all the difficulties.
He broke his finger skiing.
PHRASAL VERB
How did you manage to wriggle out of the date you had with that girl?
TO BE IN CHARGE OF…
I’m in charge of all the people working in logistics.
TO BE WORTH…merecer la pena…
It’s worth finishing this English course. It’s worth making an effort with your English.
NUMBERS
It’s two degrees below
I WISH.../IF ONLY...: Ójala...
I wish I knew the answer. -I wish I weren’t so absent-minded.
If only I were less worried about what people think. ...de lo que…opine
Do you wish you had more money? ¿Te guastaría tener…?
TO SLAP: Abofetear
Are you going away on holiday soon? I wish!
IT’S A GOOD THING/IT’S JUST AS WELL: Menos mal...
It’s a good thing you didn’t mention it to your boss. -It’s just as well you found your car keys.
Just as well!
GUINEA PIG: Conejillo de Indias.
It’s a good thing you brought your credit card.
VOCABULARY
We spent at least ten minutes haggling.
FLIMSY: Endeble
Paul is always the company guinea pig.
The ladder is very ricketly, you’ll fall.
RICKETY: Destartalado
TO THINK ABOUT and TO PLAN TO
I planned to give my parents a big surprise for their silver wedding anniversary.
They’re planning to launch the new cosmetic line in Paris. ...cosmeticos
I’m thinking about leaving all my money to charity.
IRREGULAR VERBS
I’ve never slept on a bench in a bank.
My boss pays me on the 25th every month but last month he paid me on the 30th.
THE EXPRESSION
Now the holidays are over, the kids are starting to look forward to Christmas.
Ahora que han acabado,…comienzan a impacientarse por que llegue la Navidad
ROUNDABOUT: Rotonda
THE FAMILY
Mario is Natalia’s son-in-law. Mario es el yerno de Natalia
THE YEARS
1994 nineteen ninety-four. -1586 fifteen eighty-six. -1893 eighteen ninety-three
BATHROOM: Baño
What’s Felipe looking at? -Are Felipe and Nigel sitting or standing? -What colour is Nigel suit?
DINING ROOM: Comedor
Is Felipe wearing a black suit? Is Felipe pointing at the map?
GARAGE: Garaje
17500 seventeen thousand five hundred. -27500 twenty seven thousand five hundred.
37500 therty seven thousand five hundred.
BEDROOM: Dormitorio
77500 seventy seven thousand five hundred. -87500 eighty seven thousand five hundred.
97500 ninety seven thousand five hundred.
VOCABULARY
Is this Felipe and Nancy’s bedroom? –Is this Denise’s bedroom? Whose bedroom is it?
LIVING ROOM: Salón
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
That’s hers. That’s yours. That’s not yours. These are ours. Is that ours? Are these theirs?
SINCE and FOR
I’ve lived in Spain since 1999.
VOCABULARY
An unknow painter won the painting prize.
PHRASAL VERB
I told him off because he was frightening the grandparents. Le regañé porque estaba asustando a su abuelo
IRREGULAR VERBS
The week before last, they bought the painting. -Would you like to come for a walk with us?
HAVE TO: Obligation
Where did they have to go to renew their passport? Who does he have to ask?
What time do you have to be there? You’ll have to travel a lot in your new job.
Have you had to call many times to get through?
Did you have to pass a public exam to get the job?
End “TURE”
Have you seen the fixture list? ¿...calendario de partidos?
Has Raul fractured his arm? -Does this model have to a lot of new features?
SCREEN: Pantalla
Did you ask about expenditure? ...sobre el gasto?
Are you proud of your stature?
VOCABULARY
I have no difficulty understanding but I can’t say a word. No tengo ninguna…
DELIVERY: Entrega
There’s a delivery here for Mrs. Miggins.
BEAR: Oso
The basketball team looked like giants compared to the public. Parecían
His head is like a watermelon.
YET
Have you started that novel yet? No, I haven’t started that novel yet.
Have you met his new girlfriend yet? No, I haven´t met his new girlfriend yet.
Has she moved yet? No, she hasn’t moved yet.
Have they decided what to do yet? No, they haven´t decided what to do yet.
Have you had a shower yet? No, I haven’t had a shower yet.
Has he done it yet? No, he hasn’t done it yet.
IRREGULAR VERBS
Early last year we sang in a choir.
Yesterday I wore a new tie. I’ve never worn a hat in my life.
Do you know if they got a pay rise last year?
AS IT HAPPENS: Da la casualidad
As it happens, they’re brother and sister.
As it happens, you’re all reading the same book
GIANT: Gigante
VOCABULARY
The custom in that country is to haggle. La costumbre...es regatear
The material for the shelves is too flimsy to bear any weight. It won’t stand.
W/H+eight: peso y altura.
WID/DEP+th: ancho y profundo o fondo.
THICKNESS: espesor
PHRASAL VERB
If you studied more and faffed around less, you’d be an excellent student
TO LOOK FORWARD TO SOMETHING.
Are you looking forward to going to the party?
DIFERENTES FORMAS DE PENSAR
I’m planning to tell him on Monday.
NUMBERS
After two-hours meeting I was exhaustion. Tras la reunión de 2h....
IMPERATIVE
Tell me to get up: Get up!
Tell me to sit down: Sit down please!
VOCABULARY
Is this the dining room? Is it the bath room? What is it? It’s the garage
These aren’t ours.
You have four sisters and one brother. -I have two pictures on my wall.
I have two books and one lamp on my desk.
MEETING: Reunión.
I have my magazine in my pocket. –I don’t have any books in my office.
You don’t have any chairs in your room.
GOLD: Oro
I don’t have any water in the fridge. You don’t have a house in Morocco.
You don’t have two bathrooms in your house. I don’t have any brothers and sisters.
ALARM CLOCK: Despertador.
112,414: one hundred twelve thousand four hundred and fourteen.
One million.
TO BE AFRAID: Tener miedo.
650,000: Six hundred and fifty thousand.
750,000: Seven hundred and fifty thousand.
850,000: Eight hundred and fifty thousand.
Do you have a house in Spain? Do you have a office in Italy?
Do you have any friends? Do you have bicycle? Do you have an Elephant in your garage?
TO BE COLD: Tener frío.
Do you have an apple in your bag? Do you have a sofa in your living room?
Do I have your pencil? Do I have our money?
HAVE TO: Obligation
Will you have to travel a lot in your new job?
YET
Have you met his girlfriend yet? Has she moved yet?
PHRASAL VERB
I ran over a deer when I was in Canada.
IRREGULAR VERBS
Early last year we sang in a choir. A comienzos de año...
MUST: Subjective obligation
You must remind me when I see you next week.
You mustn’t break the speed limit. Sobrepasar…
You mustn’t do that.
TO IMPROVE: Mejorar
HAVE TO in negative: No obligation (sin obligación)
You don’t have to wear a tie to the meeting. No tienes que llevar
You don’t have to pay for anything.
NEGATIVE LOGICAL CONCLUSION: Can’t; no debes
I talk about my friend who hates her job, her husband and her mother-in-law
She can’t be very happy. Digo que mi amiga…
I talk to you about my millionaire communist uncle.
He can’t be communist.
VOCABULARY
Don’t you think that is a broad enough topic for conversation?
¿...tema de conversación bastante amplio?
We’re expecting a growth of 50% in the next quarter. ...trimester
GUIDLINES: Directrices.
There are flies everywhere.
GROWTH: Crecimiento
I hope this meets your approval. Espero que esta cumpla tu aprobación
We had to abandon the idea due to the lack of resources.
This lever is stuck! Atascada!
STILL
Paula’s still at work. ...todavía está en el trabajo.
She still works in Manchester.
She’s still working for the same company.
IRREGULAR VERBS
There was a time when I fought for money. ...luchaba por dinero.
There was a time when we heard the traffic all night. ...escuchábamos...
There was a time when we let the staff smok in the office. ...al personal…
SEEN AS
Seeing as you are here, we can start right away. Ahora mismo
Seeing as they made an effort to come, we can give them a ticket.
DEU TO
I WISH
I wish I hadn’t said that. -I wish I hadn’t said that! No hubiese dicho
I wish I had been more organised! Hubiese sido
I WISH YOU WOULD
I wish you would be quiet! ¡Ojalá estuvieses…!
I wish you’d be a bit more friendly! ¡Ojalá fueses un poco más amable!
VOCABULARY
There will be a heat wave next week.
The Eiffel Tower is the most famous landmark in Paris
IRREGULAR VERBS
My boss pays me on the 25th every month, but last month he paid me on the 30th.
PHRASAL VERB
I’m having you on! Or I’m pulling you leg!
TO BE OVER THE MOON
You don’t exactly look over the moon about the news! No pareces muy satisfecho con las noticias
TO LOOK LIKE SOMEONE
I don’t look anything like Brad Pitt!
NUMBERS
I went for an eight-kilometre walk around the city.
TO HOPE-TO WAIT and TO EXPECT
I hope I can go to the concert. -I hope he wins the competition.
I’m waiting for the train. -I waited four hours for the bus.
A PILE-UP: Un choque múltiple.
She’s expecting a boy.
HAPPEN TO…(por casualidad)
You wouldn’t happen to speak Spanish, would you?
Excuse me! You wouldn’t happen to know where the post office is, would you?
I happened to be at the airport when my cousin arrived. Dió la casualidad que estaba…
He happened to give me some very interesting information. Da la casualidad que me dió…
VOCABULARY
Did you padlook your bike?
IVORY: Marfil
I saw “saw” whilst I had a saw in my hands.
The Ivory trade shoul be banned.
STABBLE: Barba de tres días.
It’s time you learnt this expression
It’s high time I did some exercise. Ya es hora de que haga algo de ejercicio
They once spent the night in a haunted house. Una vez…
SAW: Sierra
My fingernails grew slower when I was a child, I swear. …te lo juro
The head waiter let us out of the restaurant.
Apparently he overheard us describing the food as worse than what we have in England.
Por lo visto él nos escuchó hablando de la comida…cómo lo peor de lo que tenemos en…
TO BE BOUND TO
There’s bound to be a cinema that shows films in their original language. We’re in Spain!
Es seguro que haya un cine que echen pelis in versión original
OMEN: Augurio
HOW OLD
How old is your girlfriend’s cousin? -How old is our friend’s sister?
How old is your sister-in-law’s boss?
TO HAVE
We have a new mobile. -We have a computer in our kitchen.
We don’t have a light in our bathroom. -They don’t have any books in their house.
ASHTRAY: Cenicero.
Do we have any food at home? -Do they have any friends in Spain?
NOTEBOOK: Cuaderno
Luigi’s wife has a white cat.
Dan’s new flat doesn’t have a guestroom. Sala de invitados
Does Paul’s mother have a computer? -Does Mark’s grandmather have a new cat?
Does Celia have a printer in her office? -Does my son have an ashtray in his room?
Does Mr Smith have a million dollars in his briefcase?
HOW MANY + TO HAVE
How many chairs does she have? -How many teachers do you have?
How many jobs does John’s grand-daughter have?
VOCABULARY
We had to abandon the idea due to the lack of resources.
PHRASAL VERB
I’m looking out of the window and I can’t see anything.
IRREGULAR VERBS
There was a time when we let the staff smoke in the office. Época
THE EXPRESSION
Seeing as you’re here, we can start right away. En vista de que…
SHOULD
You should work less. -He should look for a job.
You shouldn’t speak with your mouth full. -Do you think I should buy I new car?
ACCORDING TO: Según
I should be there by five o’clock. We shouldn’t have to problems at the border.
OUGHT TO:Really should.
He ought to apologise. -I ought not to say this but Mark is really an alien.
Do you date that? He’s an alien, it’s truedent
Do you think we ought to start again?
VOCABULARY
Don’t look! It’s a surprise. -Children have a great capacity for learning.
ESPECIALLY: Sobre todo.
I don’t especially like studying English but this course has inspired me!
According to this map it’s just around the corner. ...justo por la esquina
Don’t touch that pipe. It’s very hot.
WHEN in the future
We’ll buy it when we have the money. -When you finish your exams we’ll celebrate together.
When the speech ends, will you wake me up?
IRREGULAR VERBS
This month we’ve shut the box three times.
At the beginning of the week they shut the gate at the same time every night. ...la verja.
At the beginning of the week he slept like a baby.
PHRASAL VERB
The supplies have been petering out since we lost contact with base camp.
Los suministros se están agotando desde que perdimos el contacto...
It’s time you learnt this expression
It’s time they stopped talking and actually did something. Ya es hora que paren de hablar y hagan algo de verdad
NUMBERS
He pulled up his shirt sleeve to reveal a twenty-four-carat gold watch.
PASIVE VOICE
That product isn’t sold on internet. ...no se vende por internet.
Is the crime still being investigated? Se sigue investigando...?
It will be finished by Tuesday. Estará finalizado para…
The plants are going to be taken to the other office? Se van a llevar…?
BANDAGE: Venda
The prince is about to be crowned.
TO STIR: Remover
TO STEER: Girar el volante
SOMETHING NEEDS DOING: Hace falta hacer algo
This window needs cleaning. Hace falta limpiar…
I think your car needs washing. It’s absolutely filthy.
The magazine needs finishing. Hace falta terminar
BE UNDERPAID: Malpagado.
Look! Your tadpoles are beginning to grow legs. Las patas de tus renacuajos…
They didn’t tell us in the travel agency that it’s a pebble beach.
If you stir the water, the tadpoles will get angry. ...se enfadarán
First they stole his walking stick then they tried to shoot him with an arrow.
Primero…después…
Go and get some bandages quickly! ¡Ve por...rápido!
Are you sure that tadpoles like cabbage?
AN ARROW: Una flecha
Most African economies are underdeveloped.
The marketing department is seriously underfunded. ...falto de recursos
TADPOLE: Renacuajo
She’s never forgaven me for what I did.
I mistook her for her mother’s sister but she forgave me. La tome…
You’ll never find as many blackberries as I found. Moras
TO MAKE THE MOST OF (aprovechar la oportunidad).
Almost synonymous “To take advantage of” (Aprovecharse de alguien)
You should make the most of time you have to study. ...aprovechar al maximo…
Make the most of this new teacher; he’ll only be here for three weeks.
HOW MANY + TO HAVE
How many cars does Peter’s sister have? How many cats does Juan’s aunt have?
Are you having a drink with your boss? I’m having a drink with my friends.
I don’t have breakfast with my children.
VOCABULARY
Is she reading a book? –Is Paula carrying a dog? –Is she carrying a cat?
What’s she carrying? –Is she listening to the radio? Is the radio on the floor?
Where’s the radio? Is she wearing a suit?
FREQUENCY ADVERBS
How often?
I always study English on Sundays. –I never work on Sundays. –She never plays football.
I always work on Mondays. –He sometimes goes fishing, goes fishing twice a month.
Fifteen fifty-seven: 1557 -Seventeen ninety-nine: 1799. -Fourteen hundred: 1400
IMPERATIVE
Take off your watch, please. -What are you doing?
Now, put it back on, please. -What are you doing?
PHRASAL VERB
They show up in a limousine.
THE EXPRESSION
How many minutes do we have left before the exam finishes?
SOULD HAVE + PARTICIPLE
You should have asked me for help.
They should have stopped when it started to rain.
They shouldn’t have hired him without checking his references. No le deberían haber contratado sin comprobar…
Should they have known anything about it? Al respecto?
SIGNATURE: Firma
Do you think we should have complained to the manager? ...quejado al Gerente?
MUST HAVE + PARTICIPLE
You can’t have finished your homework yet.
She must have meant she was pregnant. Ella ha querido decir...
CAPABLE OF: Capacitado
VOCABULARY
Are you capable of pronouncing the word “project” correctly?
WIND: Viento
My main worry is that the thief will strike again. Atacará de nuevo
Are you sure that this is your signature?
There’s not wind today.
AS SOON AS in the future
I’ll do it as soon as I have time. -He’ll go as soon as he has enough money.
SUCCESS: Exito
Yesterday evening John threw seven balls out of the window.
Yesterday evening George rang Liz four times.
This evening George hasn’t rung Liz at all.
TO BE IN A HURRY
Tell him we’re in a hurry. -Why is James in such a hurry? -I can’t stop now, I’m in a hurry.
PHRASAL VERB
Why are you always egging your brother on to do naughty things?...incitas...travesuras
EXCESS AND FAILURE: Excesos y carencias
Most African economies are underdeveloped.
NUMBERS
Did you read that article about Imelda Marcos last week?
Apparently she owns three to four thousand pair of shoes. Por lo visto tiene unos 3,000
PASSIVE VOICE
The cathedral was destroyed by a fire.
That book of poetry was written by a monk. Aquél…de poesía…un monje.
The house was being painted when the accident took place. Se estaba pintando…tuvo lugar.
The team has already been selected. El equipo ya…
SAFFRON: Azafrán
The clock had just been mended when it was blown off the clock tower.
Acababa de ser reparado el reloj cuando fue volado de la torre del reloj.
FARMYARD: Corral
THERE’S NO POINT IN: NO MERECE LA PENA
There isn’t any point in applying for that job. You don’t have the right qualifications.
No merece la pena que solicites ese…calificaciones adecuadas
There’s not point in beeping your horn. You won’t get there any quicker.
No sirve de nada que pites, No vas a llegar tampoco antes
There’s no point in getting here before six as nobody will be here.
No sirve de nada llegar antes de las 6 ya que no habrá nadie
VOCABULARY
He sat on the curb. -Saffron is so expensive! Que caro es… -This pillow is very hard.
TO CON: Timar
There were a lot of animals in the farmyard. What a load of gibberish! ¡menudo galimatías!
TERCERAS PERSONAS
My wallet was stolen whilst I read the newspaper in the coffee shop.
I think I’m going to be fire. Creo que me van a…
OBNOXIOUS: Detestable
IRREGULAR VERBS
The signal was lit at the agreed time but no one saw it. La señal se encendió…
Have you ever lit a match under water? I’ve never lit a match under water.
A THOUSAND POUNDS’ WORTH OF: Unas mil libras de…
As I need to buy around a hundred euros’ worth of screws, will you give me a discount?
Por ahí de unos cien…¿me harás un descuento?
I work where she works. - Paula knows where Jake lives.
John knows where Sally runs. - Paula knows where Lucie plays.
Where are they? Is it raining? Is the girl wearing trousers?
Is she wearing a skirt and a T-shirt? Falda y camisa?
JUMPER: Jersey de punto
Is Pierre wearing a skirt? Is she wearing a jumper and trousers?
TO TRY TO vs. TO TRY + VERB(ING): Intentar vs. probar
Are you trying to pay attention? Do you try to listen to me avery day?
Are you trying to pick up the phone? Do you try study English every day?
DATE DICTATION. THE AMERICAN WAY
10/03/1990: September third, nineteen ninety
01/02/2002: January second, two thousand and two
DATE DICTATION. THE BRITISH WAY
12/02/2010: The twelfth of February, two thousand and ten
IMPERATIVE
Now, tell me to tell you to touch you nose! Tell me to touch me nose.
Touch your nose, please! What are you doing? I’m touching my nose
WHAT
He paid me what he owed me. -I told him what happened. Lo que pasó
She covered everything she intended to talk about. Ella cubrió todo lo que tenía intención...
We ate as much as we could. Todo lo que pudimos
CARPET: Moqueta
WHERE TO GO – WHAT TO DO and HOW TO DO IT
Do you know where to find the best Rioja? Does he know what time to be there?
Do you know whom to speak to? ...con quién hablar?
FUNNY – STRANGE: Raro
VOCABULARY
George has been appointed president again. Did you see the race last night?
Dan’s jokes are never funny.
WRONG: Equivocado
That carpet is the wrong colour.
AS LONG AS: Siempre que…
I’ll tell you as long as you don’t tell anyone. Siempre y cuando...
As long as the concert starts on time, we’ll be able to catch the last tube home
IRREGULAR VERBS
Lately we’ve drunk. -Every day she lends. Yesterday she chose.
Lately she’s lent. Ella a prestado
TO GET THE HAND OF SOMETHING
It didn’t take me long to get the hang of golf. I’ll never get the hang of typing.
Can’t you get the hang of working the dishwasher?
I LAST WHEN: La última vez que…fue...
The last time we danced the tango was when we were in Buenos Aires.
We last danced the tango when we were in Buenos Aires.
The last time she saw him was when he was in prison.
She last saw him when he was in prison.
I can’t remember when the last time I came here was.
I can’t remember when I last came here.
He last had a haircut six months ago.
When did he last have a haircut?
TO DOODLE: Garabatear
She first won Wimbledon in 1962. When did she first win Wimbledon?
LEEK: Puerro
WHAT’S THE POINT OF…?: ¿De que sirve…?
What’s the point of being punctual if everyone else is late?
De qué sirve…si todos los demás llegan tarde?
What’s the point of getting angry about it? Enfadarse por eso?
VOCABULARY
My father cooks the most delicious leek soup!
Stop doodling when I’m talking to you! Deja de garabatear…
We must mend that leak on the roof! …gotera…
You’re starting to get a receding hairline. ...entradas
ROOT: Raíz
That tree has particularly large roots. Unas raíces particularmente grandes
PROVIDED THAT: Siempre y cuando
You shouldn’t have any problems getting there on time, provided it doesn’t rain. Para llegar a tiempo…
They’ll be delighted to see you, providing you let them know you’re coming well in advance.
Estarán encantados de veros, siempre que les aviséis con antelación seréis bien recibidos.
PUNCH: Puñetazo
PAUNCH: Panza
IRREGULAR VERBS
Did they forecast rain for today? Pronosticaron…?
Have you forecast a big increase in sales? ¿Has previsto un fuerte incremento en las ventas?
Bend your knees twenty times every morning.
ZERO - NOUGHT (nada) – O – LOVE - NIL
Newcastle United beat Manchester City three nil
My number’s:
double o, four four, two one two o, three o five, seven o nine; 0044 2120 305 709
PHRASAL VERB
What’s the best way to give up smoking?
IRREGULAR VERBS
It’s morning:
We’ve chosen six candidates this morning.
It’s afternoon:
This morning the boss chose the best one.
MAY and MIGHT: A lo mejor
I might finish my book by the end of the month. He still might change his mind.
Puede que él todavía cambie de opinion
I think I might go and see the doctor. A lo mejor voy…
Are you going to tell us his secret? I might. Quizás
STORM: Tormenta
We might not have enough time to cover everything. Puede que no…
SINCE (Desde ayer). AS OF (Desde ahora y desde mañana)
Since last Friday I’ve had back pains. ...tengo dolores de espalda
As of next week, things are going to change. A partir de…
Since March I haven’t been able to concentrate on my work. Desde Marzo no puedo...
VALUABLE: Valioso
VOCABULARY
In fact, the mail arrived during the storm.
UGLY: Feo
Did you know that painting you have could be valuable?
MESSAGE: Mensaje
Did you get my message? ¿Recibiste…?
TO DO
Ser suficiente: Se expresa en futuro
Will two bags of flour do? ¿Son suficientes dos paquetes de harina?
Estudiar:
We did Mediaeval History last year at University.
Alcanzar:
My friend’s car can do two hundred kilometres per hour
IRREGULAR VERBS: Towards the end of
Towards the end of last year, Nick paid for my ticket to see him in Australia.
Towards the end of last year, I began to take English seriously.
Lately we’ve left. Últimamente nos hemos marchado
Everyday she pays. Todos los días ella paga
LEAVE ME ALONE: Déjame en paz
Leave your mother alone she’s a bit upset at the moment. ...un poco molesta ahora mismo
Why is it so hard for you to leave me alone? Por qué te resulta tan dificil…
PHRASAL VERB
To boil down to: Reducirse
With men it usually all boils down to one thing. ...todo suele…
THE EXPRESSION:
To ask for trouble or to ask for it: Buscar problemas
The man arrested at the demonstration was really asking for it…se lo estaba buscando
NUMBERS
It’s five degrees below zero in Chicago and four above in Indianapolis.
THE EXPRESSION
I’M GLAD I CAME: Me alegro de haber venido (I’m glad + subject + past)
I’m glad you told me about the situation…me contaras la situación
I’m glad it didn’t affect the outcome….de que no afectara el desenlace
I’m glad I gave up smoking….haber dejado…
I’m glad you gave up smoking….que dejaras…
DOOR MAT: Felpudo
STEERING WHEEL: Volante
LOADS OF WORDS: Montones de…
There was a ton of food at the reception….un montón…
We had oodles and oodles of fun.
David has loads and loads of work to do.
VOCABULARY
Maths is my strong point. Mi punto fuerte son las mates
The toilet paper isn’t where it should be. No encontré…en su sitio
ZIP/ZIPEER: Cremallera
I need to go to the cash machine before we go to the pub.
My zip is always getting stuck. Mi cremallera se atasca continuamente
DESKTOP: Escritorio del ordenador
THAT’S WHY…Por eso…
That’s the reason why I’m determined to stay.
Pore ese motivo…empeñado…
Why on earth didn’t you take that into account?...no lo tuviste en cuenta?
TOILER PAPER: Papel higiénico
MASTERING THE INTERROGATIVE; dominar el interrogativo
No, I wouldn’t mind if you invited your mother.
Would you mind if I invited my mother?
No, I wouldn’t mind if he played with us. Would you mind if he played with us?
No, I wouldn’t mind if you closed the window.
Would you mind if I closed the window?
DOZENS AND DOZENS AND DOZENS
No pluralizamos “dozen” salvo “dozens and dozens of”.
There should be half a dozen of them on the botton shelf.
We’ll need at least a dozen people to lift that wardrobe.
TO LIKE
We like him. Él nos gusta -She doesn’t like me. No le gusto a ella
IRREGULAR VERBS
What’s the boy holding? ¿Qué está sosteniendo el chico?
Is Li Tong wearing a cap? ¿Lleva gorra Li Tong?
His nose doesn’t hurt. No le duele la nariz
Does her ankle hurt? ¿Le duele el tobillo?
FREQUENCY ADVERBS
Darren always has lunch at work….siempre come en el trabajo
Jordan’s sister never smiles.
I hardly ever play tennis. Casi nunca... -I never go fishing. Nunca
HOW LONG + TO LAST
How long does a football match last? ¿Cuánto tiempo dura…?
How long does a meeting last?
PHRASAL VERB
What’s wrong with you? Are you a man or a mouse. Speak up!
TO LIKE
Do you like her? ¿Te gusta ella? -Do they like you? Les guastas?
Steven’s sister likes to play the piano or Steven’s sister like playing the piano
CHOPSTICK: Palillo
Sophie’s husband doesn’t enjoy read day
VOCABULARY
Is Akie using chopsticks?
PLATE: Plato
What’s Luigi eating? -Is Akie eating spaghetti too?
A BOWL: Un cuenco
Is Akie filling Luigi’s glass with wine? How many glasses are there on the table?
RICE: Arroz; FORK: Tenedor; SPOON: Cuchara
NUMBERS: FOUR
Twenty-four –Six hundred and twn¡enty-four –Seven thousand seven hundred and twenty-four
GENERAL AGILITY
My pen is red, not blue. He is in front of me. –Is she behind of you?
FILLING: Llenando.
MISS vs. LOSE
Whenever she gets lose, she always asks for help. Cada vez…pide ayuda
I missed the bus this morning. Perdí…
She usually misses the nine o’clock train. Suele perder…
I’ve just lost my passport. Acabo de perder…
OWNER: Dueño
TO MAY HAVE + PARTICIPE: Cuando no recuerdas si hiciste algo: Puede que haya/A lo mejor
I may have thought that, but I don’t any more. A lo mejor pensaba eso pero ya no. Puede que haya pensado eso, pero ya no.
TO MIGHT HAVE + PARTICIPE: Cuando no recuerdas si hiciste algo: Puede que haya/A lo mejor
I think I might have met her before. A lo mejor la he conocido antes
Do you think he might have got lost? ¿Crees que a lo mejor él se haya perdido?
ROUTINE: Rutina
VOCABULARY
Children need routine in their lives. Los niños necesitan la rutina…
Could you write your current address here, please? Su dirección actual…
Did you know that the owner speaks fluent English? El dueño...con fluidez
ATTITUDE: Actitud
Fortunately, everybody accepted our routine.
I can’t find Paul’s address.
TO MAKE
You make me really happy when you smile.
I can’t make it before four o’clock. No puedo estar antes de…
Your talk is making me really sleepy. Tu charla me está dando sueño
Do you make it 27 or 28? A ti te da un 27 o un 28
IRREGULAR VERBS
Every day we meet. Todos los días nos encontramos
Yesterday we met. Ayer nos conocimos
Every day he steals. To los días roba
Yesterday he stole. Ayer robó
Lately he’s stolen. Ultimamente él ha robado
MAKE UP YOUR MIND or MAKE YOUR MIND UP
I can’t make up my mind. I don’t know how to vote for. No me puedo decidir. No sé por quién votar.
With so many choices it’s difficult to make my mind up. Con tantas opciones es difícil decidirme.
I’ve made up my mind to become a priest. He decidido hacerme cura
PHRASAL VERB
Once I’ve caught up with all my work, I’ll phone you to arrange a meeting. Una vez que me haya puesto al día…para organizer una reunión
TO HAVE A GO AT DOING SOMETHING: Intentar hacer algo
I had a go at putting the bookcase together but I didn’t understand the instructions. Intenté montar el conjunto de la librería…
START & STOP + GERUND; empezar/dejar de hacer algo
I’ve started growing a beard. He empeado a dejarme barba
Stop doing that, will you? Deja de hacer eso, ¿quieres?
START & STOP + INFINITIVE; empezar/parar de hacer algo.
We stopped to change drivers. Paramos para cambiar de conductor
START & STOP + GERUND; empezar/dejar de hacer algo
Have you stopped playing tennis? ¿Has dejado de jugar al tenis?
DISGRACE: Vergúenza
HAD BETTER: Más vale que
LOGO: Logotipo
Do you think I’d better let them know beforehand?
Crees que más vale que les avise de antemano
You’d better concentrate on what we’re going. Más vale que te…
You’d better! ¡Más te vale!
VOCABULARY
Have you got a painkiller? My arm really hurts. ¿Tienes un calmante? Me duele mucho el brazo
You are really loopy! Estás totalmente chiflado!
TO DRAW CONCLUSIONS: Sacar conclusiones
Are there any alligators in here? ¿Hay algún caiman aquí dentro?
We’re going to launch the new company logo next month.
PAINKILLER: Analgésico
STILL – YET – ALREADY and ANY MORE
Why don’t you say sweet things to me any more? Por que ya no…melosas?
I’ve already finished that work you gave me. Ya he terminado…
FOOLPROOF: Infalible
MASTERING THE INTERREGOTIVE
The price went up when he died. When did the price go up?
He died in 2001. When did he die?
I live in the chic part of town. Which part of town do you live in?
I don’t like alligators because they bite. Why don’t you like alligators?
TELEPHONE NUMBERS IN CONTEXT
Sorry, you’ve got through to the wrong deparment. You need to dial 01252 737 384.
Te han pasado con el departamento equivocado. Tienes que marcar el…
Just a minute; I can never remember what my number is. I think it’s 0044 1242 354 463 but I’m not a hundred percent sure. I’ll ring you back in five mintues.
What’s in the box? ¿Qué es lo que está en la caja?
You’re very short. Eres muy bajo
Where’s Paris?
DIRECT / INDIRECT COMPLEMENTS
I’m giving them to him. Estoy dándoselos…-We’re giving it to her. Estamos dándoselo…-They’re giving them to her. Están dándoselos…-She’s giving it to us. Está dándonoslo
He’s giving them to us. Está dándosnoslos
Is Mickel sitting on a sofa? Is he sitting in an armchair? Where is he sitting?
AERIAL: Antena
Is Denise reading? What’s she doing? Is she doing her homework?
VIDEOGAME: Videojuego
Is Mickel doing his homework too?
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
They’re pointing at each other. Se señalan...
We’re not talking to each other. No nos hablamos
I’m pointing at myself. Me estoy señalando
They aren’t looking at themselves. No están mirándose (a si mismos)
Are they looking at themselves? Se están mirando (a si mismos)
SLIPERS: Zapatillas
Bye, bye (informal)
DOING HOMEWORK: Haciendo los deberes
GOOD NIGHT: Ir a dormir.
THANKS A LOT: Sarcástico
GENERAL AGILITY
She’s not my secretary. -I don’t know.
POTATOES CHIPS
Where is it? Where is she?
MISS vs. LOSE
I missed the bus this morning. -She usually misses the nine o’clock train.
TO MIGHT HAVE + PARTICIPE: Puede que haya/A lo mejor
I think I might have met her before. -Do you think he might have got lost?
PHRASAL VERB
When he’s drunk, it’s impossible to make him shut up.
SAY vs. TELL
I’ll tell you after dinner….después de cenar. -I’ve told you at least twenty times
I’m telling you just like she told me. Te lo cuento igual que cómo me lo contó
Don’t say that. -What are you saying? ¿Qué estás diciendo?
TIP: Propina
ALREADY
I’ve already shown you my passport. Ya le he enseñado…
I’ll call you in a bit (in a while). Ya te llamo (“ya” en futuro inminente)
I’m finishing now. Estoy terminando ya (“ya” en el presente)
GESTURE: Gesto
VOCABULARY
How we can convince them?
Are sharks really dangerous?...peligrosos de verdad?
It was a symbolic gesture
Empty your pockets right way. Vacía tus bolsillos ahora mismo
SUDDENLY: De repente
Be careful of the staple sticking out! ¡Ten cuidado con la grapa que sobresale!
ANY MORE / NO LONGER: Ya no
I no longer believe in fairies. Ya no…en hadas.
It no longer hurts when I do exercise. Ya no me duele cuando hago ejercicio
He can no longer play at the professional level. Ya no puede jugar el nivel...
He’s no longer captain of the national side. …de la selección nacional
IRREGULAR VERBS
Every day we lead. Todos lo días encabezamos
Yesterday we led. Ayer encabezamos
Lately we’ve led. Últimamente hemos encabezado
TO BE OVER OR TO BE FINISH
I feel depressed; my holidays are finished and I have to go back to work.
I feel depressed; my holidays are over and I have to go back to work.
START & STOP + GERUND; empezar/dejar de hacer algo
Stop doing that, will you? Deja de hacer eso, ¿quieres?
I started working two months ago
HAD BETTER: Más vale que
You’d better concentrate on what we’re doing.
VOCABULARY
Have you got a painkiller? My arm really hurts.
Richard, you’re really loopy!
MASTERING THE INTERROGATIVE
I live in the chic part of town. Whith part of town do you live in?
Are you getting at something in particular? ¿Quieres decir algo en particular?
STILL – YET – ALREADY – ANY MORE
I’ve already finished that work that you gave me.
TO BE ON THE BALL: To pay attention
As an air traffic controller I can’t afford not to be on the ball at all times. Como controlador aéreo no me puedo permitir…en cada momento.
THE FUTURE PERFECT OR (Antefuturo)
They’ll have already sold the house by the time we manage to save up enough money for the deposit. Ya habrán vendido…para cuando…ahorrar…para la fianza
The company won’t have recovered by the time the new legislation is introduced….no se habrá recuperado para cuando se introduzca...
Will you have written the report by the next meeting?